What a VDS is
A VDS (virtual dedicated server) is a KVM virtual machine whose CPU cores are not shared. It looks and behaves like a VPS: your own kernel, full root or Administrator access, NVMe storage. The difference is underneath.
On a KVM VPS, you get your own vCPU allocation and RAM is never oversold, but those vCPUs are scheduled by the hypervisor onto physical cores that other instances also use. Most of the time you will not notice. When a neighbour is busy at the same moment you are, you can.
On a VDS, physical cores are pinned to your instance alone. Nobody else is scheduled on them. The point is not extra peak speed; it is that your cores are available to you every minute of the day.
Why that matters
Websites are bursty. A page request uses the CPU for a few milliseconds and then waits on the database or the network. Shared scheduling suits that pattern well, which is why a VPS is the right home for most sites.
Some workloads are steady instead. A video encode, a CI build, a game server's tick loop or a reporting query will use a core flat out for minutes or hours. Those are the jobs where pinned cores show their value: run times stop varying and the server stops having "slow afternoons".